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產品介紹
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名稱
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Quidel Monoclonal Antibody to Human C4d (neo)
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貨號
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A251
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規(guī)格
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100 μL
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同種型
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IgG1k
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蛋白質濃度
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> 1.0 mg/mL
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緩沖液
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Borate Buffered Saline
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貯存
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2°C to 8°C* (≤ 30 days)
*For long-term storage (> 30 days), aliquot and store at ≤ –20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw.
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背景
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he C1q molecule of C1. This, in turn, activates the C1r(2)C1s(2) sub-units, resulting in cleavage of C4 to C4b near the amino terminus of the gamma chain releasing C4a in the process. The short-lived C4b molecule can bind covalently to membranes or other surfaces via either an amide or ester bond. This is an inefficient process that is limited to the immediate vicinity of the C1 complex. C4b then takes part in the classical convertase enzyme. Because of the short life of the C4b molecule much of the C4d is free and circulates in serum.
Both bound and free C4b are strictly controlled in vivo. The ability of C4b to participate in classical pathway activation and opsonization reactions is inhibited by a single site cleavage of the alpha chain by Factor I. This reaction requires either C4 binding protein or CR1 as a cofactor. This initial cleavage inactivates C4b resulting in iC4b. Further degradation of this molecule by Factor I produces the C4c and C4d fragments. Both of these fragments can be produced in fluid phase or on target surface.
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特異性
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The specificity of the monoclonal antibody was established via a series of immunoassays that utilized highly purified C4, C4c and C4d. First, the antibody was shown by ELISA to bind to purified C4d immobilized in microtiter wells. Second, C4b, iC4b, C4d and human serum, but not C4c or intact C4, were shown (via inhibition EIA) to inhibit the binding of this antibody to immobilized C4d. Similarly, using radiolabeled C4c and C4d, this antibody was shown to immunoprecipitate C4d, and not C4c.
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應用
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Because specific techniques differ from lab to lab, the provided information should be used as a guideline only. (Data on File at Quidel). As C4b has a short half life in vivo, C4d is an excellent marker for classical complement activation in vivo or in vitro and is therefore the basis of the MicroVue? C4d EIA Kit (Cat. #A008). Applications of this antibody have been evaluated by various research facilities, and include EIA, 1 IHC, 2,3,4 and Western Blot. 4
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參考文獻
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1、Bigler, C. et al. Autoantibodies against complement C1q specifically target C1q bound on early apoptotic cells. Journal of Immunology 183:512-521 (2009)
2、Baldwin, W. et al. “Complement deposition in early cardiac transplant biopsies is associated with ischemic injury and subsequent rejection episodes.” Transplantation 68(6) 894-900 (1999).
3、Rosoklija, G.B. et al. “Local activation of the complement system in endoneurial microvessels of diabetic neuropathy” Acta Neuropath 99:55-62 (2000).
4、Yasojima, K. et al. Human heart generates complement proteins that are upregulated and activated after myocardial infarction. Circulation research 83:860-69 (1998).
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